Military Substance Abuse Statistics

Reflections and Hard Statistics on Addiction in the Military

As I stood on the deck of the USS Nimitz, watching jets take off into the twilight, I never imagined that some of my fellow sailors were fighting a battle far more personal than any we might face at sea. Years later, as a behavioral health executive, I’ve come to understand that substance abuse in the military, particularly among active duty military personnel, is a pervasive issue that often lurks beneath the surface of our proud and disciplined armed forces.

The problem of substance abuse among service members and veterans is complex and multifaceted. It touches every branch of the military and can have far-reaching consequences for individuals, their families, and the overall readiness of our forces. Despite efforts to address this issue, it remains a significant challenge for the military community.

In this resource from TriCareRehabs.com, we offer a comprehensive survey of the data and take a deep dive into the statistics surrounding military substance abuse.

Keep reading as we explore the historical context, examine current trends, and shed light on the factors that contribute to this ongoing problem. By understanding the scope and nature of substance abuse in the military, we can better support those who serve and have served our country.

The Historical Context of Substance Use in the Armed Forces

Substance use has been intertwined with military service for centuries. From the rum rations of the 18th-century Navy to the widespread use of amphetamines during World War II, drugs and alcohol have long played a role in military culture. However, attitudes and policies have evolved significantly over time.

During the Vietnam War, drug use among service members reached alarming levels. The easy availability of drugs in Southeast Asia, combined with the stress of combat and a permissive cultural attitude, led to widespread substance abuse. By some estimates, nearly half of all U.S. Army enlisted men in Vietnam had tried marijuana, and a significant number used heroin.

A Changing Attitude Towards Substance Abuse in the Military

This crisis prompted a shift in military policy. In 1971, the Department of Defense implemented its first comprehensive military drug testing program. The years that followed saw increasingly strict policies and a growing emphasis on prevention and treatment. The military adopted a zero-tolerance approach to drug use, which remains in place today.

Attitudes toward alcohol use have also changed, albeit more slowly. While heavy drinking was once an accepted part of military culture, there’s now greater recognition of its potential for harm. Today’s military places a stronger emphasis on responsible alcohol use and provides resources for those struggling with alcohol abuse.

Despite these changes, substance abuse remains a significant issue in the armed forces. The unique stressors of military life, combined with evolving societal trends, continue to present challenges in addressing this problem.

Current Statistics on Military Substance Abuse

To truly understand the scope of substance abuse in the military, we need to look at the numbers. A positive drug test can have severe consequences for service members, including dishonorable discharge and criminal prosecution. While gathering accurate statistics can be challenging due to underreporting and other factors, the available data paints a concerning picture.

According to a 2019 report from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), about 1 in 15 veterans had a substance use disorder in the past year. This rate is slightly lower than the civilian population, where about 1 in 11 adults have a substance use disorder. However, when we dig deeper into specific substances and demographics, some troubling trends emerge.

Breaking down the data by branch of service reveals some variations. The Army and Marine Corps typically show higher rates of substance abuse compared to the Navy and Air Force. For example, a 2018 Department of Defense Health Related Behaviors Survey found that 30% of Marine Corps personnel reported binge drinking in the past month, compared to 20% of Air Force personnel.

An Analysis of Active Duty Service Members Abusing Substances

Looking at trends over the past decade, we see some positive changes alongside persistent challenges. Illicit drug use has generally decreased, likely due to strict testing policies. However, the misuse of prescription drugs, particularly opioids, has become a growing concern.

The prevalence and treatment challenges of substance use disorders among active duty service members are significant, with many facing barriers to accessing effective care. A 2014 study found that prescription drug misuse among service members doubled between 2002 and 2008, and has remained a significant issue since then.

The Bottle and the Damage Done

Alcohol use continues to be the most prevalent substance abuse problem in the military. The same 2018 DoD survey mentioned earlier found that 30% of service members reported binge drinking in the past month, a rate that has remained relatively stable over the past decade. This is significantly higher than the civilian rate of about 25%.

It’s important to note that these statistics likely underestimate the true extent of the problem. Many service members may be reluctant to report substance use due to fear of career repercussions or stigma. Additionally, these numbers don’t capture the full impact on veterans, who often face increased substance abuse risks after leaving active duty.

While these statistics are concerning, they also highlight the importance of continued efforts to address substance abuse in the military community. By understanding the scope of the problem, we can better target prevention and treatment efforts to support those who serve our country.

The Most Common Substances of Abuse

In my years of service and later work in behavioral health, I’ve seen firsthand the range of substances that can ensnare our military personnel. While the specific drugs may change over time, certain substances consistently appear as primary concerns.

Alcohol remains the most widely abused substance in the military. It’s legal, socially accepted, and often viewed as a way to unwind or bond with fellow service members. Unfortunately, this can lead to excessive consumption and dependency. Again, the 2018 DoD Health Related Behaviors Survey found that 35% of service members were classified as hazardous drinkers, a rate significantly higher than in the civilian population.

Prescription Drug Abuse: A New Wave of Abuse Potential

Prescription drug abuse, particularly opioids, has become a major concern in recent years. The physical demands of military service often lead to injuries and pain medications are frequently prescribed. While necessary in many cases, these drugs carry a high risk of dependency. A 2014 study in JAMA Internal Medicine found that 15% of service members had been prescribed an opioid in the past month, compared to 4% of civilians.

Illicit drug use, while less common due to strict testing policies, still occurs. Marijuana is the most frequently used illicit substance, followed by cocaine and ecstasy. Synthetic drugs like Spice or K2 have also gained popularity in some circles due to their ability to evade standard drug tests.

Tobacco and nicotine products, while not typically included in substance abuse statistics, are worth mentioning due to their prevalence and health impacts. Despite overall declines in smoking rates, tobacco use remains higher in the military than in the civilian population. E-cigarettes and vaping have also become increasingly common, especially among younger service members.

Risk Factors for Substance Abuse in the Military

Understanding why substance abuse occurs in the military is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. Mental health disorders, such as PTSD, depression, and anxiety, are significant risk factors for substance abuse among service members. Several factors unique to military life contribute to increased risk.

Combat exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are significant risk factors. The intense stress of combat situations can lead some service members to self-medicate with drugs or alcohol. A 2014 study in the Journal of Addiction Medicine found that combat veterans were 63% more likely to binge drink compared to non-combat veterans.

Deployment as a Contributing Factor

Deployment-related stress, even without direct combat, can increase the risk of substance abuse. Extended separations from family, the pressure of mission-critical work, and the challenges of reintegrating after deployment all contribute to this stress.

A 2017 study in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that deployed service members were more likely to develop alcohol problems compared to their non-deployed counterparts.

Military culture and social norms play a significant role. Historically, heavy drinking has been seen as a way to bond with fellow service members or cope with stress. While attitudes are changing, this cultural acceptance can make it harder for individuals to recognize when their drinking has become problematic.

Access to prescription medications, particularly opioids, is another risk factor. The physical demands of military service often result in injuries that require pain management. While these medications are necessary in many cases, they also carry a risk of dependence and abuse.

The Impact of Substance Abuse on Military Readiness

As a former sailor and current healthcare executive, I’ve seen how substance abuse can profoundly affect not just individuals, but entire units and the overall readiness of our armed forces.

Performance and productivity issues are often the most immediate impacts. Substance abuse can lead to decreased reaction times, impaired decision-making, and reduced physical fitness. A service member struggling with substance abuse may have difficulty performing their duties effectively, potentially putting themselves and their comrades at risk.

Safety concerns extend beyond individual performance. A 2022 study in the journal ‘Armed Forces and Society’ found that service members who engaged in heavy drinking were more likely to be involved in accidents, both on and off duty. This not only puts lives at risk but also strains military resources.

What are the Costs of Addiction for Our Armed Forces?

The financial costs to the military are substantial. A 2016 report by the Surgeon General estimated that alcohol and other drug abuse cost the U.S. military $1.2 billion annually in medical care, reduced productivity, and legal and disciplinary actions. These costs divert resources from other critical areas of military spending.

Perhaps most concerning is the effect on unit cohesion and morale. Substance abuse can erode trust between service members, create divisions within units, and undermine the sense of shared purpose that is crucial for military effectiveness. As one Marine Corps sergeant told me,

“When you can’t trust the person next to you to have your back because they might be impaired, it affects everything we do.”

The ripple effects of substance abuse extend far beyond the individual, impacting the entire military structure. Addressing this issue isn’t just about helping individuals—it’s about maintaining the strength and readiness of our armed forces as a whole.

The Link Between Substance Abuse and Veterans

As someone who’s made the transition from active duty to civilian life, I can attest to the unique challenges military veterans face. Unfortunately, these challenges often intersect with substance abuse issues.

The transition from military to civilian life can be jarring. The loss of structure, purpose, and camaraderie can leave many veterans feeling adrift. Some turn to substances as a way to cope with this difficult adjustment period.

A 2023 study published by the University of Pennsylvania Medical School found that 65% of veterans who seek treatment for substance use disorders report using drugs or alcohol as a way to cope with stress.

The Lasting Effects of Chronic Alcohol and Drug Abuse

Long-term health consequences of substance abuse are a significant concern for veterans. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant factor contributing to substance abuse among veterans. Chronic alcohol use can lead to liver disease, cardiovascular problems, and increased cancer risk. Opioid abuse can result in overdose, a tragically common occurrence among veterans. The VA reports that veterans are twice as likely to die from accidental opioid overdoses compared to the general population.

The link between homelessness and substance abuse among veterans is particularly troubling. While veterans make up about 7% of the U.S. population, they account for about 13% of the homeless adult population. Substance abuse often plays a role in this disparity.

The impact on families and communities cannot be overstated. Substance abuse can strain relationships, lead to financial difficulties, and create unstable home environments. Children of veterans with substance use disorders are at higher risk for developing their own mental health and substance abuse issues, perpetuating a cycle of struggle.

The Need for Prevention and Treatment Programs

The military and veteran healthcare systems have made significant strides in addressing substance abuse, but challenges remain. The Department of Veterans Affairs offers a range of resources and treatment programs for veterans dealing with substance use and related issues.

Current military initiatives focus on prevention, early intervention, and treatment. The Army’s Substance Abuse Program (ASAP) and the Navy’s Substance Abuse Rehabilitation Program (SARP) offer education, counseling, and treatment services. These programs emphasize a holistic approach, addressing not just substance use but also underlying mental health issues and life stressors.

Using TRICARE and VA Services for Substance Abuse Treatment

TRICARE, the health care program for uniformed service members and veterans, and the Department of Veterans Affairs provide coverage for substance abuse treatment. This includes detoxification, inpatient and outpatient care, and medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorders. However, navigating the system can be challenging, and some veterans report difficulties in accessing care.

Specialized programs for veterans have been developed to address their unique needs. The VA offers a range of treatment options, including residential rehabilitation programs specifically designed for veterans with co-occurring PTSD and substance use disorders. Peer support programs, where veterans in recovery help others struggling with substance abuse, have shown promising results.

Despite these efforts, challenges in accessing care persist. Long wait times, geographic barriers, and stigma around seeking help for mental health and substance abuse issues remain significant obstacles. Additionally, some veterans may not qualify for VA services, leaving them to navigate the civilian healthcare system for treatment.

This is part of the reason why I began TriCareRehabs.com, to help veterans (and active duty military personnel as well) find the care needed for lasting recovery success.

Future Directions and Recommendations

As we look to the future, several promising approaches and areas for improvement emerge.

Emerging treatment approaches, such as virtual reality therapy for PTSD and substance abuse, show potential. Telemedicine is expanding access to care, particularly for veterans in rural areas. Personalized medicine approaches, tailoring treatment based on genetic factors, may improve outcomes for substance use disorders.

Policy changes could have a significant impact. Expanding access to medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorders, increasing funding for mental health and substance abuse programs, and improving coordination between DoD and VA healthcare systems could all help address current gaps in care.

Further research is needed in several areas. We need to better understand the long-term impacts of the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan on substance abuse rates. Research into gender differences in military substance abuse and tailored treatment approaches for women veterans is also crucial.

As a nation, we must commit to better supporting our service members and veterans. This means not only improving healthcare services but also addressing the underlying factors that contribute to substance abuse, such as PTSD, chronic pain, and the challenges of military-to-civilian transition.

The Battle is Not Yet Won: Substance Treatment Support is Here

The statistics we’ve explored together paint a challenging picture, but they also point the way toward solutions. Substance abuse in the military is not just a personal struggle—it’s an issue that affects our national security and the well-being of the brave men and women who serve our country.

By understanding the scope of the problem, recognizing the unique risk factors faced by military personnel and veterans, and continuing to improve our prevention and treatment approaches, we can make a real difference.

It is absolutely crucial that we destigmatize seeking help for substance abuse and mental health issues in the military community.

To those currently serving, to veterans, and to their families: know that you’re not alone in this battle.

Help is available, right here at TriCareRehabs.com and recovery is possible. As a nation, we owe it to our service members to provide the support they need, not just on the battlefield, but in the personal battles they may face long after their service ends.

If you or a loved one is struggling and needs accredited drug rehab and alcohol rehab programs of support to get clean and sober, please make a confidential call to us today!

James Webb

Recovery Advocate at Tricare Rehabs Com

James has 15 years in recovery and has dedicated his life to sharing information on substance use in order to help anyone struggling get the information needed to get help. He believes that everyone struggling with addiction should have the opportunity to live a happy life free of the effects of substance abuse.

Understanding Military Substance Abuse Statistics: The Hidden Battle